Miscellaneous physical constants

  Speed of light in a vacuum (c) = 2.9979 × 10⁸ meters per second (m/s) = 186,281 miles per second (mi/s)

Avogadro’s number (NA) = 6.0220 × 1023 per mole (mol⁻¹)

Electronic charge (e) = 1.6022 × 10⁻¹⁹ Coulomb (C)

Faraday constant (F) = 9.6485 × 104 Coulombs per mole (C/mol)

Boltzmann’s constant (k) = 1.3807 × 10−23 joules per Kelvin (J/K)

Stefan-Boltzmann constant (σ) = 5.6703 × 10−8 Watts per square meter-Kelvin4 (W/m²·K⁴)

Molar gas constant (R) = 8.3144 joules per mole-Kelvin (J/mol-K)

Note: all physical constants listed here were derived (rounded to the fifth significant digit) from values given on page F-198 of the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 64th edition.